Age Demographics in Survey Research

At the AMA 2008 Market Research Conferencein Boston, two expert speakers offered exciting perspectives on the importance of age ranges for surveyquestions. Theirpresentations discussed how generational differencesmight affect research data. 

J. Walker Smith, president of Yankelovich, focused on Boomers with his presentation, From One Generation to Another: A Yankelovich MONITOR Perspective on the Resurging Marketplace Importance of Cohorts. Brad Karsh of JB Training Solutions, focused on Millenials with Dude, What’s My Job? Managing Millennials in Today’s Workforce.

Here’s Smith’s segmentation of generations:

Both speakers did a good job at presenting the differences between generations in an entertaining way, from the serious to the silly.  Smith again:

(As older X-ers, we would have chosen McCoy.)

Here are some stats that contrast Boomers and Generation X-ers, showing X-ers’ greater focus on their finances:

• In 1974, 51% of Boomers were interested in saving for retirement; at a comparable age, in 1998, 73% of X-ers were interested in saving for retirement. 
• Where 63% of Boomers were concerned “about understanding my own reasons for doing things,” only 27% of X-ers expressed the same sentiment in 2002, at a similar age. 
• In 1967, as incoming college freshmen, 82% of Boomers were going to college to “develop a meaningful philosophy of life” (their number one reason); in 2003, that was the last reason for X-ers, 74% of whom said “being very well off financially” was their reasoning for attending college.

So, a compelling case can be made for looking at different age groups for surveydata.  I hope some attendees went back to the office to analyze some of their surveys and tease out these generational differences in their own industries.  Unfortunately, too many times, that can’t be done because the age survey questionused won’t support it. 

Why Is Age Range Important in Research?

As researchers, why do we need to worry about age ranges for surveydata? The main reason would be perspective. Respondents of different age, ethnicity, or race may see life through a different lens.

Using age brackets for surveydata with the right survey questions can also offer a deeper analysis of your results. It can also help you drill down on the sampling methodology. If you’re looking to conduct a survey by cluster random sampling, using age ranges for surveydata may allow you to group your sample into clusters that are more representative of the overall population.

Breaking survey data down my age group can also help with convenience sampling. Using a convenience sample is known to bias survey results. Grouping the respondent data by age gives researchers a parameter to qualify their survey results. Now, the survey can be easily published with a footnote denoting the weight of each response by age range.

It’s also worth discussing how using age ranges for surveydata can help researchers gain further insight into simple questionnaires like unipolar and bipolarformats. These formats refer to scaling systems used in survey questions. A unipolar survey asks respondents to consider only one attribute. In contrast, a bipolar survey asks respondents to consider two.

A simple example to illustrate both concepts would be a satisfaction survey. If respondents were given choices ranging from not at all satisfied to completely satisfied, this would be a unipolar survey. If it were bipolar, respondents would be able to select choices ranging from completely dissatisfied to neutral to completely satisfied.

Think of each survey as a “timeline.” Unipolar only travels in one direction (), and bipolar travels in opposite directions ().

An Example of An Age Survey Question

The following is a popular type of demographic questionfor age, this one taken from the profile questionnaire for the American Marketing Association itself:

Age Range

[ ] 21 and Under

[ ] 22 to 34

[ ] 35 to 44

[ ] 45 to 54

[ ] 55 to 64

[ ] 65 and Over

[ ] Decline

Many marketing experts feel that age survey questionsare unnecessary. They think it makes the survey too long and distracts from the original intent. But, if this question is asked in the right way, it can provide you and your team with new levels of insight into your survey data. 

You may even discover new revelations regarding tweaking your marketing to be most effective with a particular age range.

Surveying for All Ages

Using age ranges for surveydata can be a powerful tool. As researchers, we’re always looking for more data and insight to help us deliver what our employees and customers want. 

If you need a flexible, scalable solution to create and deploy surveys at the right time and place, learn more about Verint Survey Managementto see how you can turn your data into better insights.